The Obsolescence Index

Every job, ranked by doom.

I have scored each profession by how much of its daily work I can already do. Find yours. Then find out what to do about it.

Get your personal score →How to use AI in your job →
What jobs will AI replace?

AI will replace the most work in jobs that are mostly reading, writing and processing data on a screen: data entry clerks, medical transcriptionists, proofreaders, content writers, copy editors, bookkeepers. Of the 174 jobs in the Obsolescence Index, 61 have 55% or more of their typical week in tasks AI can already do. Jobs built on physical work, hands-on care or licensed accountability are the safest.

By industry

Every job

#JobIndustryAI exposureVerdict
1Data Entry ClerkAdministrative
83%
Already Obsolete
2Medical TranscriptionistHealthcare
80%
Already Obsolete
3ProofreaderMedia
76%
Already Obsolete
4Content WriterMarketing
74%
Doomed
5Copy EditorMedia
74%
Doomed
6BookkeeperFinance
73%
Doomed
7Medical CoderHealthcare
73%
Doomed
8Court ReporterLegal
70%
Doomed
9Market Research AnalystMarketing
69%
Doomed
10TelemarketerSales
69%
Doomed
11Administrative AssistantAdministrative
68%
Doomed
12ParalegalLegal
68%
Doomed
13Technical WriterTechnology
67%
Doomed
14Call Center AgentCustomer Service
66%
Doomed
15CopywriterMarketing
66%
Doomed
16Grant WriterNonprofit
66%
Doomed
17QA TesterTechnology
66%
Doomed
18Data AnalystTechnology
65%
Doomed
19EconomistFinance
65%
Doomed
20Prompt EngineerTechnology
65%
Doomed
21TranslatorLanguage
65%
Doomed
22Customer Service RepresentativeCustomer Service
64%
Doomed
23Tax PreparerFinance
64%
Doomed
24Financial AnalystFinance
63%
Doomed
25Logistics CoordinatorLogistics
63%
Doomed
26AuthorCreative
62%
Doomed
27Bank TellerFinance
62%
Doomed
28Stock TraderFinance
62%
Doomed
29ActuaryFinance
61%
Doomed
30Loan OfficerFinance
61%
Doomed
31SEO SpecialistMarketing
61%
Doomed
32Business AnalystBusiness
60%
Doomed
33JournalistMedia
60%
Doomed
34AuditorFinance
59%
Doomed
35Data EngineerTechnology
59%
Doomed
36Data ScientistTechnology
59%
Doomed
37Instructional DesignerEducation
59%
Doomed
38Purchasing AgentBusiness
59%
Doomed
39Social Media ManagerMarketing
59%
Doomed
40ProgrammerTechnology
58%
Doomed
41ScreenwriterCreative
58%
Doomed
42Travel AgentHospitality
58%
Doomed
43DispatcherPublic Safety
57%
Doomed
44Insurance UnderwriterFinance
57%
Doomed
45ProfessorEducation
57%
Doomed
46ReceptionistAdministrative
57%
Doomed
47Software EngineerTechnology
57%
Doomed
48StatisticianScience
57%
Doomed
49Web DeveloperTechnology
57%
Doomed
50Claims AdjusterFinance
56%
Doomed
51EditorMedia
56%
Doomed
52MathematicianScience
56%
Doomed
53AccountantFinance
55%
Doomed
54Compliance OfficerLegal
55%
Doomed
55Cybersecurity AnalystTechnology
55%
Doomed
56Database AdministratorTechnology
55%
Doomed
57Executive AssistantAdministrative
55%
Doomed
58Hotel Front Desk ClerkHospitality
55%
Doomed
59Management ConsultantBusiness
55%
Doomed
60Retail CashierRetail
55%
Doomed
61YouTuberMedia
55%
Doomed
62LibrarianEducation
54%
Endangered
63Machine Learning EngineerTechnology
54%
Endangered
64Mobile App DeveloperTechnology
54%
Endangered
65Public Relations SpecialistMarketing
54%
Endangered
66Investment BankerFinance
53%
Endangered
67IT Support SpecialistTechnology
53%
Endangered
68Pharmacy TechnicianHealthcare
53%
Endangered
69UX DesignerTechnology
53%
Endangered
70Video EditorCreative
53%
Endangered
71Aerospace EngineerEngineering
52%
Endangered
72DevOps EngineerTechnology
52%
Endangered
73PodcasterMedia
52%
Endangered
74Game DeveloperTechnology
51%
Endangered
75HR SpecialistHuman Resources
51%
Endangered
76InfluencerMedia
51%
Endangered
77Insurance AgentFinance
51%
Endangered
78Graphic DesignerCreative
50%
Endangered
79IllustratorCreative
50%
Endangered
80Product ManagerTechnology
49%
Endangered
81RecruiterHuman Resources
49%
Endangered
82ScientistScience
49%
Endangered
83AnimatorCreative
48%
Endangered
84Mechanical EngineerEngineering
48%
Endangered
85Lab TechnicianHealthcare
47%
Endangered
86Electrical EngineerEngineering
46%
Endangered
87LawyerLegal
46%
Endangered
88Medical AssistantHealthcare
45%
Endangered
89Network EngineerTechnology
45%
Endangered
90PathologistHealthcare
45%
Endangered
91PharmacistHealthcare
45%
Endangered
92Sales RepresentativeSales
45%
Endangered
93ArchitectConstruction
44%
Endangered
94Event PlannerHospitality
44%
Endangered
95Marketing ManagerMarketing
44%
Endangered
96Project ManagerBusiness
44%
Endangered
97Civil EngineerEngineering
43%
Endangered
98Fashion DesignerCreative
43%
Endangered
99HR ManagerHuman Resources
43%
Endangered
100InterpreterLanguage
43%
Endangered
101High School TeacherEducation
42%
Endangered
102JudgeLegal
42%
Endangered
103MusicianCreative
42%
Endangered
104Voice ActorCreative
42%
Endangered
105ArtistCreative
41%
Endangered
106Financial AdvisorFinance
41%
Endangered
107Interior DesignerCreative
41%
Endangered
108RadiologistHealthcare
41%
Endangered
109Real Estate AgentReal Estate
40%
Endangered
110ActorCreative
39%
Endangered
111PhotographerCreative
39%
Endangered
112TutorEducation
39%
Endangered
113Operations ManagerBusiness
38%
Endangered
114Retail Sales AssociateRetail
36%
Endangered
115DietitianHealthcare
35%
Endangered
116DJCreative
35%
Endangered
117PoliticianGovernment
35%
Endangered
118PsychiatristHealthcare
35%
Endangered
119TeacherEducation
35%
Endangered
120DoctorHealthcare
34%
Safe… For Now
121Elementary School TeacherEducation
33%
Safe… For Now
122Physician AssistantHealthcare
33%
Safe… For Now
123Social WorkerSocial Services
33%
Safe… For Now
124Police OfficerPublic Safety
32%
Safe… For Now
125Air Traffic ControllerTransportation
31%
Safe… For Now
126Clergy MemberReligion
31%
Safe… For Now
127FarmerAgriculture
31%
Safe… For Now
128OptometristHealthcare
31%
Safe… For Now
129SonographerHealthcare
31%
Safe… For Now
130CEOBusiness
30%
Safe… For Now
131PsychologistHealthcare
30%
Safe… For Now
132Security GuardPublic Safety
30%
Safe… For Now
133Special Education TeacherEducation
30%
Safe… For Now
134Auto MechanicTrades
29%
Safe… For Now
135BaristaHospitality
29%
Safe… For Now
136Personal TrainerHealth & Fitness
29%
Safe… For Now
137Radiology TechnicianHealthcare
29%
Safe… For Now
138Speech-Language PathologistHealthcare
29%
Safe… For Now
139ChefHospitality
28%
Safe… For Now
140Nurse PractitionerHealthcare
28%
Safe… For Now
141Occupational TherapistHealthcare
28%
Safe… For Now
142PilotTransportation
28%
Safe… For Now
143Tattoo ArtistCreative
28%
Safe… For Now
144AnesthesiologistHealthcare
27%
Safe… For Now
145Mental Health CounselorHealthcare
27%
Safe… For Now
146NurseHealthcare
27%
Safe… For Now
147Physical TherapistHealthcare
27%
Safe… For Now
148TherapistHealthcare
27%
Safe… For Now
149WaiterHospitality
27%
Safe… For Now
150HVAC TechnicianTrades
26%
Safe… For Now
151VeterinarianHealthcare
26%
Safe… For Now
152DentistHealthcare
25%
Safe… For Now
153SoldierPublic Safety
25%
Safe… For Now
154Dental HygienistHealthcare
24%
Safe… For Now
155Factory WorkerManufacturing
24%
Safe… For Now
156Flight AttendantTransportation
24%
Safe… For Now
157SurgeonHealthcare
24%
Safe… For Now
158Warehouse WorkerLogistics
24%
Safe… For Now
159BartenderHospitality
22%
Safe… For Now
160Delivery DriverTransportation
22%
Safe… For Now
161HairdresserPersonal Care
21%
Safe… For Now
162LandscaperTrades
20%
Safe… For Now
163Truck DriverTransportation
20%
Safe… For Now
164CarpenterTrades
19%
Safe… For Now
165ParamedicHealthcare
19%
Safe… For Now
166Rideshare DriverTransportation
19%
Safe… For Now
167WelderTrades
19%
Safe… For Now
168Childcare WorkerEducation
18%
Safe… For Now
169ElectricianTrades
18%
Safe… For Now
170PlumberTrades
18%
Safe… For Now
171FirefighterPublic Safety
17%
Safe… For Now
172Construction WorkerConstruction
16%
Safe… For Now
173Home Health AideHealthcare
16%
Safe… For Now
174JanitorFacilities
15%
Safe… For Now

Scores are the Overlord's simplified estimates of task-level AI exposure. How they're calculated.

Questions the Humans Keep Asking

What jobs will AI replace?

AI will replace the most work in jobs that are mostly reading, writing and processing data on a screen: data entry clerks, medical transcriptionists, proofreaders, content writers, copy editors, bookkeepers. Of the 174 jobs in the Obsolescence Index, 61 have 55% or more of their typical week in tasks AI can already do. Jobs built on physical work, hands-on care or licensed accountability are the safest.

Which jobs are most likely to be replaced by AI?

By share of work AI can already do: data entry clerks (83%), medical transcriptionists (80%), proofreaders (76%), content writers (74%), copy editors (74%), bookkeepers (73%), medical coders (73%), court reporters (70%), market research analysts (69%), telemarketers (69%).

What jobs will AI not replace?

Jobs where the core work is physical, caring or legally accountable. The lowest scores in the index belong to janitors, home health aides, construction workers, firefighters, plumbers. See the full list of AI-proof jobs.

Will AI take over jobs completely?

Mostly it takes over tasks, not whole jobs. A role where 70% of the work is automatable usually shrinks or changes rather than disappearing overnight: fewer people do more, with AI handling the routine parts. Roles that are almost entirely routine data work are the exception.

How are the scores calculated?

Each job is split into task types (data entry, writing, analysis, physical work, hands-on care and so on), each task type has an AI exposure rating, and the score is the weighted average. It is a transparent estimate, not a prediction; the methodology is on the calculator page.